These early European incursions introduced new technologies, goods, and diseases that significantly impacted Indigenous populations. The legacy of Spanish exploration remains evident in local place names and historical records, reflecting the broader pattern of European engagement along Florida’s coast.
The Frontier Era: American Settlement in the 19th Century
After Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821 through the Adams-Onís Treaty, American settlers began moving into coastal and inland regions. The Sebastian area remained relatively isolated, with access primarily by water or rudimentary trails.
Early settlers established homesteads, fishing operations, and small farms. Timber harvesting, fishing, and subsistence agriculture were common economic activities. Life was challenging due to hurricanes, limited transportation, and occasional conflicts with remaining Indigenous groups. Despite these hardships, small communities began to form along the lagoon and river.
Agriculture and the River Economy
The Indian River Lagoon and surrounding fertile lands supported early agricultural development. Citrus groves, vegetable cultivation, and livestock raising became essential sources of livelihood.
The lagoon itself facilitated transport and trade, with small boats connecting homesteads to larger markets. Fishing, crabbing, and harvesting oysters and shrimp complemented agriculture, forming a mixed economy that sustained residents through the 19th and early 20th centuries. shutdown123